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Lanthanum is a Rare Earth metal element widely distributed in nature. Many researchers use lanthanum and its composite materials to enhance the removal of phosphate in water bodies. This is because lanthanum shows a specific affinity for phosphate and has a very high removal rate even for low concentrations of phosphate, making it suitable for the treatment of eutrophic water bodies. At the same time, lanthanum shows low toxicity and safety to the human body.

Germanium is a Rare Metal with the element symbol Ge. Its simple substance is a grayish-white metalloid, shiny, hard, and belongs to the carbon family. Its chemical properties are similar to those of tin and silicon in the same family. It is insoluble in water, hydrochloric acid, and dilute caustic soda solutions, but soluble in aqua regia, concentrated nitric acid, or sulfuric acid. It is amphoteric, so it is soluble in molten alkali, alkali peroxide, alkali metal nitrates, or carbonates, and is relatively stable in the air.

Cerium oxide is an inorganic substance with the chemical formula CeO₂, light yellow or yellowish brown powder. Density 7.13g/cm³, melting point 2397℃, insoluble in water and alkali, slightly soluble in acid. At 2000℃ and 15MPa, cerium oxide can be reduced with hydrogen to obtain cerium trioxide. Cerium oxide is slightly yellow with red, and pink. It is used as polishing material, catalyst, catalyst carrier (auxiliary agent), ultraviolet absorber, fuel cell electrolyte, automobile exhaust absorbent, electronic ceramics, etc.

Yttrium (Y) is a rare earth element. Rare earth elements refer to Scandium (Sc), Yttrium (Y) and all lanthanide elements. Yttrium and another rare earth element, Cerium (Ce), are the two elements with the highest content in the earth's crust. Yttrium has a high abundance of 2.8×10^-5 in the earth's crust, mainly existing in xenotime, black rare earth ore and xenotime, and also in monazite and fluorocarbon waste ore.

Scandium (Sc) is the 50th most abundant element on Earth, with a general abundance of 36×10^-6, which is more abundant than silver, gold, lead, antimony, molybdenum, bismuth and mercury, and is comparable to beryllium, boron, strontium, tin, germanium, arsenic, selenium and tungsten. Scandium is widely distributed on Earth and exists in very small amounts in more than 800 minerals, giving people the impression of being "rare".

Gadolinium (Gd) is a silvery-white metal with ductility, a melting point of 1313°C, a boiling point of 3266°C, and a relative density of 7.9004. Gadolinium is ferromagnetic, and its Curie point is about room temperature (19°C, 66°F). If a piece of gadolinium is placed in ice water and cooled, it will attract a magnet, but after returning to temperature, it will detach from the magnet and fall off. In an environment above the Curie point, gadolinium is the most paramagnetic element.

High-purity Tellurium dioxide (TeO₂) is widely used in the preparation of Tellurium dioxide single crystals, infrared acousto-optic devices, infrared window materials, electronic component materials, etc., and is an important chemical raw material. Tellurium dioxide is insoluble in water, but easily soluble in concentrated strong acids to form adducts and salts; it is also easily soluble in concentrated caustic alkali solutions to form tellurites.

Gallium (Ga) is a rare metal with a content of 1.5×10^-3% in the earth's crust. It is extremely dispersed and is often associated with minerals such as aluminum, zinc, and coal. It is not easy to extract. Gallium and its compounds are mainly used in the semiconductor industry. With the rapid development of the electronics industry, the use of gallium is becoming more and more extensive. Gallium has become one of the supporting materials for new technical materials required by contemporary communications, large-scale integrated circuits, aerospace, energy and other industries.

Yttrium oxide Y₂O₃ is an important rare earth compound with unique heat resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature stability, high dielectric constant and a series of excellent optical properties. It is widely used in advanced ceramics, optoelectronics, catalysts and efficient additives for functional composite materials.

Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) is a technology that uses the synergistic effect of chemical reaction and mechanical removal to achieve surface smoothness.